Blade of the Immortal FINAL BATTLE Anaylsis part II (A)
It’s been a long time since my last update. The absence is mainly due to the fact that I don’t know what to write about, but last week I just got the newest copy of Blade of the Immortal, the shit boiled my blood and I thought I should continue my tribute to the greatest Manga ever created. Those of you who enjoyed my Blade of the Immortal FINAL BATTLE Analysis should enjoy the following as well.
I initially intended to just do a brief summary, but I somehow got on crack and wrote a 10 page Wikipedia shit on this, oh well, I’ve always wanted to read something like this so might as well write it on my own right? I am dedicating this post to Samura Hiroaki-sama and all the Blade of the Immortal fans for the love of this series, due to a lot of excessive writings, this will be separated into two parts, the first introducing the background and main characters of this series and the second, the FINAL BATTLE Analysis, Outcome, and Prediction. So beware, this will include a lot of spoilers!!!
RECAP ON THE STORY
Following the Prison Arc, Manji was successfully rescued by Rin, with the help of Itto-ryu remaining member Doua and Isaku as well as Ozuhan and Hyakurin. Doua and Rin were critical in this rescue as they have caused utter chaos in the Edo castle – by blowing up the underground passages, flooding the jail cells and releasing large numbers of prisoners.
Following the chaos stirred up by Rin and Doua and inevitable release of hundreds of prisoners, the Bangashira (group chief) Habaki was removed from his position and given the punishment of Seppuku within 30 days for his misdeeds as the protector of the castle. Life wasn't too good for Habaki.
Hanafusa the former lieutenant to Habaki was then appointed the new Bangashira upon the termination of Habaki. Hanafusa’s approach in dealing with Itto-ryu was very different from Habaki, instead of terminating the rest of Itto-ryu members, Hanafusa preferred the peaceful way, in which he negotiated a deal with Anotsu Kagehisa to promptly evacuate from Edo within 7 days and never to appear again, which Anotsu agreed. This gives Habaki only 7 days left to wipe out what's left of Itto-ryu. And little did Hanafusa know, Anotsu’s got a master plan on his own before he leaves Edo...
BRIEF INTRODUCTION ON THE MAIN CHARACTERS:
ORGANIZATIONS
1. Itto-ryu
From Left to Right: Isaku, Doua, Magatsu, Abayama, Kashin Koji, Baro, and Ozuhan.
Again, is this the most badass character spread or what?
Makie and Anotsu
Itto-ryu is a gang-like group of swordsmen lead by Anotsu Kagehisa. It was founded by Anotsu Kagehisa’s grandfather – Anotsu Saburou, after being disowned from his former sowrdschool Mutenichi-ryu, which was founded by Asano Rin’s great grandfather.
Despite having superior swordfighting abilities in Mutenichi-ryu, Saburou was disowned from the school because instead of using traditional katana in combat, he was found wielding exotic foreign weapons. At that time of Japan, using traditional katana was considered the standard realm of kenjutsu and honor, using anything else in a fight was deemed dishonorable.
Saburou was then discriminated and dishonored among sword schools and labeled as the "losing dog", depressed, shamed and angered, he then formed Itto-ryu, with the sole belief that only the strongest survives, and set up the goal to conquer all sword schools of Japan. However, before he could finish his dream, he died and left the young Anotsu Kagehisa the burden to continue this goal.
Due to Itto-ryu’s motto: The strongest survives, Itto-ryu welcomes any skilled warriors to join, there are no special “secret techniques” to be taught by the master or formality of a doujo; there are no restrictions in the methods of fighting or weapons they use; the only rule that all Itto-ryu members must follow is to always fight one-on-one regardless to any situation.
During middle of the series, 9 Itto-ryu dojo masters were poisoned and murdered by a set up from Habaki (which event I will refer as the Massacre Dinner), this severely weakened the current state of Itto-ryu as they lost many followers upon these 9 itto-ryu's death.
2. Mugai-ryu
From Left to Right: Giichi, Hyakurin, and Shira (before white hair)
Mugai-ryu is an underground assassin group secretly compiled by then-Bangashira (Chief of police) Habaki Kagimura. Its members are all criminals with death sentences, some of these criminals possess unique abilities or superior fighting capabilities, they were then selected by Habaki to go on assassination missions of Itto-ryu members, each Itto-ryu member killed will in turn be rewarded with compensation for the Mugai-ryu members, and ultimately, having killed enough Itto-ryu members will obtain freedom from Mugai-ryu.
3. The Six Demons (Roggidan)
From Left to Right: Banshin, Ryo, Shishiya, Doma, Murasaki, and Hasho
This underground group has similar background to Mugai-ryu, the major members are all former-criminals sentenced for death.
Upon disbanding Mugai-ryu, Habaki was given the authority to openly employ The Six Demons to hunt after the remaining members of Itto-ryu.
The Six Demons are composed of two types of units, one is the Hana-group (the Flower), with mainly highly skilled death sentenced fighters, and the other Hebi-group (the Serpent), which are money-hired and mostly just sidekick characters.
4. Bakufu
New Bangashira - Hanafusa and his lieutenants.
The term Bakufu in general refers to the government at that time of Japan given in the story line (around 1790’s). Habaki was formerly the Bangashira, who is in charge of the security of the Edo Castle as well as the termination of Itto-ryu.
During the Prison Arc, Habaki kidnapped Manji in attempt to figure out how to develop the immortal technique and apply it for an undisclosed use. The rescue of Manji executed by Rin and Doua eventually stirred up a chaos, causing explosions, escaped prisoners and flooding all over the Edo Castle. Habaki was then removed from his position and given a limit of 30 days before he shall commit seppuku; his position was given to Hanafusa.
Hanafusa negotiated a deal with Anotsu, suggesting that the Bakufu wishes Itto-ryu to disappear in Edo and never to appear again within 7 days, which Anotsu seemingly agreed to.
CHARACTER INTRO
Manji 卍/万次
Our main protagonist of the story. He was cursed with immortality some years ago and thus the title of this story – Blade of the Immortal. He is nicknamed “100 killer” for he notoriously killed 100 samurais in an attempt to assassinate his former corrupted boss. This sin has lead a mysterious nun to plant immortality into Manji.
The immortality stems from a type of blood-worm named Kessen-chu, these worms can heal most physical damages inflicted onto the host in very short amount of time.
He can easily reattach his severed limbs back by pressing against the severed arm or leg against the wound; the kessenchu (bloodworms) will quickly repair and connect the damaged tissues. Think of his immortality like ultra-fast body tissue regeneration.
^Manji reattaching his right arm.
Manji is usually very laid-back and just minds his own business; when confronting with others he is very straight forward and at times blunt. He is a quick decision maker and pays great attentions and observations to his surroundings.
Overall Manji is a very adept fighter; he is very adaptive and strategic in various situations as he makes great uses of the surroundings and at times he’d cut off his own limbs for distraction use. He wields a wide array of exotic weapons, some of them capable of being assembled together for multi-purposed uses. Most of the weapons he used are acquired from foes he’s slain.
MANJI'S WEAPONS:
Asano Rin 浅野凜
Our main protagonist, a 16 (now 17) year old girl who vowed vengeance on the massacre of her family by Itto-ryu members. In the beginning of the story she hired Manji as her yojimbo (bodyguard) and started their long journey of vengeance on each of the members responsible for the murders of her parents.
Throughout the series we get to see that Rin has evolved from this whinny little crybaby to a somewhat capable and reliable girl who can handle her business. This is most evident during the Prison Arc when she partnered up with Doua to rescue Manji from the underground prison.
Fighting wised, Rin pretty much remained the same, her one and only trick: The Golden Wasps, in which she throws a bunch of daggers towards the opponent. Manji and Anotsu on separate occasions had commented that the move is useless against skilled fighters, but can be effective distracters. She performed a varied version of it using gun powders to aid and greased blade lit on fire to create a fire-blasted Golden Wasps.
Anotsu Kagehisa 天津影久
Our main antagonist-turned-protagonist. Anotsu Kagehisa is a 22 year-old prodigy sword fighter who inherited (unwillingly) his grandfather Antosu Saburou’s well to implement and achieve the realization of Itto-ryu. Anotsu Kagehisa’s goal is to entirely destroy the currently weakened, distorted and impractical sword fighting standards and system of Japan and reestablish the value of the swords by one single motto: Only The Stronger Survives.
As the leader of Itto-ryu, Anotsu is considered one of the greatest fighters in the series. He wields a very large and heavy Nepalese axe named “Head Hammer”, the hammer pairs with a similarly fashioned sword. Anotsu has demonstrated in several occasions his dominating fighting capabilities. In fights, he displays graceful movements and is very calm and emotionless; it is said that Anotsu is the only person who is able to dodge or block Doua’s extremely quick strikes. Furthermore, Anotsu has also referred to Makie as the only fighter who can defeat him.
^Facing assassins, Antotsu stated that those who crossed his ways also crossed the path of his ideal and those of his grandfather's, now try this axe and become gravels by the road - in another words: YOU'RE FUCKING DONE SON!
ANOTSU KAGEHISA'S WEAPONS
Magatsu Taito 凶戴斗
Magatsu is a spike-haired, young, but veteran Itto-ryu member of peasant origin who appeared very early in the series. During the Edo period set in Blade of the Immortal, Samurais are highly respected and regarded for their titles, whereas the government valued peasants only for the fact that they produce food income for the nation. The Edo government (Bakufu) heavily segregated ranks of people, with samurais ranking the highest in social status. He witnessed his younger sister being slashed in half when he was very young, he vowed to avenge his sister’s death by joining Itto-ryu and destroying the unreasonable social system of Japan.
Throughout the series he befriended Manji during the Kaga Arc, they seemed to appreciate each other as both friends and enemies.
Magatsu wields a triple sword (a sword inside a sword inside a sword). He fights strategically as he often lures opponents to terrains that fits more to his advantages, but he is also very quick and flexible in combats; as the current number two of Itto-ryu, rest assured he is a very adept swordfighter.
Abayama Sousuke 阿葉山宗介
Who I call the awesome old dude, Abayama is one of the founding members of Itto-ryu, a 65-year old, one armed wise man, and remains to be one of the most skilled swordfighters, as well as sort of an advisor to Itto-ryu. During earlier series he was shown to be very wise and helped plotting and counter-plotting many schemes against Mugai-ryu.
Abayama is the only survivor from the Massacre Dinner plotted by Habaki, it was implied that he was spared by Habaki to convince the rest of Itto-ryu the true strength of the Bakufu and not pursuit any further actions (too bad!). He wields a very strange looking sword with two blades and various grips that seems to fit well for an one-armed man; throughout the series we haven’t seen him in action many times, but according to an Itto-ryu member, Abayama was the only available fighter who could handle Giichi.
ABAYAMA SOUSUKE'S WEAPON
Doua 吉乃瞳阿
Doua is an Itto-ryu swordswoman who appeared much later in the series, one of the remaining Itto-ryu members after the Massacre Dinner. She was originally from Hokkaido (then called Ebisu in Japan), upon travelling south she met Isaku and the two became bandits and robbed for a living, until one day she attacked and was defeated by Anotsu and was subsequently hired as Itto-ryu swordsmen. Doua and Isaku has very closely bonded relationship with each other, and Doua admires Anotsu Kagehisa greatly.
She is very petite and extremely fast; she couples with Isaku in combats, with Isaku providing the distraction and protection, while Doua attacks with lightening speeds. She uses a modified spear head and a sharpened Jutte, a fork-looking weapon.
DOUA'S WEAPONS
Isaku 八苑狼夷作
Isaku is a kind-hearted gentle giant who is best friend/boyfriend to Doua. He is of Portuguese Christian origin. He joined Itto-ryu with Doua in attempt and subsequently failed to rob Anotsu Kagehisa. Unlike most Itto-ryu members, he has no weapons at all, rather he wears armours and acts defensively when in combat, at times he demonstrates his great strengths.
Baro Sukezane 馬絽祐実
Baro first appeared during the Kaga Arc as a messenger for Anotsu Kagehisa. Upon the Massacre Dinner, he became the last remaining Itto-ryu member. He appears to be a very calm and disciplined person, very loyal to Itto-ryu. It was later revealed that he was once working as a samurai under the Bakufu, perhaps due to personal goal and ideals he abandoned such job and joined Itto-ryu to pursuit his ideals.
Baro is among Itto-ryu yet another highly skilled swordsman who uses a very long Nodachi; the Nodachi he wields has hollow spots across the blade to reduce its excessive weight, allowing Baro to strike with amazing speed.
BARO'S WEAPON
Ozuhan 怖畔
An exotic swordfighter even by Itto-ryu’s standard. Ozuhan is one of the remaining Itto-ryu member after the Massacre Dinner. He seems to either be deaf or doesn’t speak Japanese, as he only communicates with sign language. His weapons and dresses resemble foreign, tribal look and he calls war cry after slaying enemies. He seems to be travelling along most of the time, and can be summoned within 15 minutes upon blowing a special flute with a salamander design.
Ozuhan uses a special whistle which produces loud, unbearable noises which he is immune to to distract enemies temporarily and strikes with remarkable speed and precision. For this reason, Ozuhan is also regarded as the most unwanted combat-partner in Itto-ryu.
Kashin Koji 果心居士
Yet another remaining member of Itto-ryu after the Massacre Dinner. Kashin Koji is an old man who disguises as a doctor when not involved in Itto-ryu businesses. He is usually seen conducting researches and informational activities.
Kashin Koji is not much of a fighter, but he manipulates and shoots acupuncture needles with sharp precision and sets up traps to kill enemies.
Makie Otonotachibana 乙橘槇絵
Makie is regarded as the strongest fighter in the series. At a very young age she demonstrated dominating sword fighting skills and accidentally defeated her older brother, who was a candidate to inherit the dojo at an exhibition match 3 times in a row. Embarrassed, her older brother committed sepukku and died, Makie and her mother were subsequently disowned from the family. Her mother sold her body to support Makie, and upon her mother's death, Makie became a geisha to make a living.
^Makie illustrating why you shouldn't get in her way.
Anotsu Kagehisa, her love interest and the leader of Itto-ryu, has referred Makie as his mentor and teacher, the one who inspired him the beauty of strength, he has also stated that Makie is the only swordsman (woman) who can defeat him. Despite this fact, Makie is at heart a kind hearted person who despises murders for a living, therefore she briefly left Itto-ryu. Yet she struggled between her decisions to either be a swordsman or a prostitute (Yes, at that time of Japan, it seems that if you're female you either be a whore or you kill for a living...) During a mission to kill Manji, Makie expressed her fear in killing Manji when she defeated him and about to execute the final blow, to which Manji said a memorable line: “No matter how talented you are, you're still an inexperienced brat, whatever it is, there must be a reason for you to hole those swords on your hands, try remembering it; If you can’t kill me like a swordsman do, then go back and live as a whore.”
Although the strongest fighter in the entire series, she is unfortunately infected with Tuberculosis, then an incurable disease. She and Anotsu were on-and-off a couple, towards the end of Kaga Arc, she rescued the heavily ill Anotsu, facing a group of avenging sword school students, after the battle, she returned as a member of the Itto-ryu.
MAKIE'S WEAPON
Habaki Kagimura 吐鉤群
What I call the FINAL BOSS. Habaki Kagimura was a Bangaeshira (high ranking chief for the Bakufu) and the secret leader of Mugai-ryu and Six Demons. He is the master mind behind the Itto-ryu Massacre Dinner. Initially he approached Anotsu Kagehisa with the impression that the Bakufu wished to invite Itto-ryu as the official trainer for the government, yet secretly sending Mugai-ryu members to assassinate Itto-ryu members; while Anotsu was on his way to Kaga, Habaki set up a celebratory dinner with 10 of Itto-ryu’s dojo masters, which in fact poisoned all the members and ending up killing 9 along with Giichi only, leaving only Abayama Sousuke alive, mean while, he also forced the Kaga dojo master to remotely assassinate Anotsu Kagehisa, which eventually failed and provoked Anotsu’s dire revenge following in the Winter War Arc.
^The Massacre Dinner - with Habaki and Giichi killing 9 of the Itto-ryu dojo masters.
After the Massacre Dinner, Habaki held Manji hostage and tried to research the secret to Manji’s immortality during the Prison Arc, unfortunately the plan was exposed and caused a great mess at the Edo Castle due to Rin and Doua’s rescue of Manji. Habaki was subsequently sentenced with seppuku with a 30 day grace period. Habaki then vowed to destroy Itto-ryu within the time frame, he employed the Six Demons to hunt down remaining members of Itto-ryu, and purposely released the psychopath swordman Shira to kill Manji and Magatsu for his personal agenda with the two.
However, the new Bangashira Hanabusa held opposing opinion against Habaki, Hanabusa ordered on behalf of the Bakufu to force Itto-ryu to leave Edo (Toyko) within 7 days, which Anotsu initially agreed with, therefore leaving Habaki with only 7 days to hunt down Itto-ryu, before Itto-ryu leaves Edo to Satsuma (southern state of Japan).
Habaki demonstrated powerful and lightening speed Kenjitsu throughout the series, although we have not yet witnessed a real duel between him and other fighters, he was shown to pierce through Manji’s heart with a striking-speed Battojutsu. From my personal judgement he is very much capable of a match to Anotsu Kagehisa.
^Habaki strikes Manji with his battojutsu.
HABAKI'S WEAPON
Ryo Soma 杣燎
Ryo is Habaki’s illegitimate child, she is 17 of age and works as a lumber jack. She has utmost respect for her father Habaki, upon learning her father’s seppuku news, she devoted herself as a member of the Six Demons to aid her father in any way possible.
As a female warrior, Ryo is considered as slightly above-average skilled fighter, though definitely stronger than Rin, who is the same age as her. During a one-on-one match versus Magatsu, although defeated, Magatsu commented that Ryo is a lot faster than most of the new Itto-ryu members.
Banshin Roku 伴殷六
Member of the Six Demons. Banshin uses guns with amazing accuracy. During the pursuit of Itto-ryu, Banshin was assigned to team up with Ryo to go after Kashin Koji, who appeared to separate from Itto-ryu to head into the snowy mountains.
Arashino Shishiya 荒篠獅子也
Member of the Six Demons. A giant, muscular man who wields two sword-like axes. He appears to be the most loyal member of the Six Demon along with Ryo. He is a foreigner but speaks fluent Japanese.
Doma Shinhei 弩馬心兵
Member of the Six Demons. A Chinese-styled warrior who uses nunchucks. In one occasion he mistook Manji as Baro and pursuit battle, later realizing the mistake and retreated. Manji stated that with just one arm he would most likely lose to Doma and Hasho.
Hasho Tarieshin 八宗足江進
Member of the Six Demons. An one-eyed foreign warrior who is incapable of speaking Japanese. He wields a modified long spear and dresses quite funky.
Murasaki Shouzou 叢咲正造
Member of the Six Demons. A very short guy with severe buck-teeth, who specializes in torture. He interrogated Abayama’s son and Baro’s fiancée during the Six Demon’s pursuit of Itto-ryu.
Hanabusa 英
Initially Habaki’s lieutenant, after the blow up of Edo Castle caused by Rin and Doua, Habaki was removed from the title of Bangashira, Hanabusa took the title later and negotiated a deal with Itto-ryu to force Itto-ryu out of Edo within 7 days.
Unlike Habaki, Hanabusa is unskilled in sword fighting and prefers to resolve conflicts in “peaceful” ways.
Shira 尸良
Probably the only “True Villain” of the series and what I call the Mini-Boss. Shira was a former member of Mugai-ryu, a skilled and sadistic fighter. He often tortures his opponents by hacking their limbs off slowly to maximize their pain before they die. He is especially sadistic towards women, with whom he often dismembers the limbs and pierce their breasts and palms while raping them, he explained that the pain would cause women’s muscle to tense up, which included the muscle tissues of you-know-where, to increase the maximum pleasure of love-making. One of his victim was Magatsu Taito’s friend, she refused to reveal Magatsu’s whereabouts, causing her to die horribly under Shira’s torture, this act also causes Magatsu to hunt down Shira.
^Shira doing his torture business
Earlier in the series during Mugai-ryu’s hunt of Anotsu Kagehisa, Shira was infuriated by mistakenly following a body-double of Anotsu, to which he released his angers by torturing the opponents, while Rin tried to stop him, Shira stroke back but was stopped by Manji. Manji’s attack cut off Shira’s right arm, Shira fled afterwards and tried to avenge Manji.
Upon finally reaching Manji during his trip to Kaga, it was revealed that Shira actually sawed off the remaining flesh of his right arm and shaved the bones into a bone spear, this act caused excruciating pain and therefore turning his hair pale white. Upon the confrontation with Manji, the join party Magatsu faced off Shira instead in order to avenge his friend. Shira eventually lost his left arm to Magatsu and fell off a cliff into the bottom of a waterfall as the fight concluded. Yet, HE STILL didn’t die. Maybe he is the true Blade of the Immortal. He lost his left eye sight as a result of the fall from the cliff and claimed that though he’s lost both of his arms and his left eye, he’s gained “a new weapon”.
^ Shira revealing his bone-spear
SHIRA'S WEAPON
Renzo 川上練造
Renzo was the son of a former Itto-ryu member Shinya, who was a very skilled fighter but died under Manji’s blades. Renzo was missing throughout the series but was later shown as Shira’s replacement as his arms. Renzo returned during the end of Prison Arc and expressed his hate towards Manji, therefore joining Shira in taking down Manji.
Hyakurin 百琳
Former member of Mugai-ryu. Hyakurin is a charming lady who specializes in poisons and archery. She has a “convertible” crossbow which she wears on her left arm, all of the arrows are poisoned by the way.
Hyakurin has a sad past (as many of the characters in this manga) which I won’t go in details, her Mugai-ryu partner/sidekick Shinriji was killed by Itto-ryu members and she underwent cruel torture and rape but kept the information of Mugai-ryu secret from Itto-ryu, it was later revealed that she is now pregnant with one of the rapists from Itto-ryu.
In later chapters, Hyakurin confronted Giichi her admiration of him as Giichi proposed to raise the unwanted baby of Hyakurin.
Though pregnant, she joined Giichi to pursuit the remaining members of Itto-ryu.
HYAKURIN'S WEAPON
Giichi 偽一
Former member of Mugai-ryu. An extremely skilled sword fighter. Giichi is a bold, quiet, sun-glasses-wearing man, little is known about him during the early part of the series. It was later revealed that he was formerly a labor who worked as a ship-builder, due to his son’s illness and low income from the pay, he committed crime and was sentenced to death, until Habaki picked him as an early member of Mugai-ryu. However, later his son died of illness and he briefly wandered into the ghetto and became a drunk with no purpose in life, only to be found later by Hyakurin, and after a brief quarrel, he found new purpose in life by pre-adopting Hyakurin’s unborn child.
Giichi wields a large sickle with chains, with the sickle structured as a large handcuff made for the neck. Giichi often locks the large sickle onto the necks of his opponents to interrogate information, asking them to choose death or betraying their friends. When retrieving the information he wanted, he often cold-hearted apologize before he beheads his opponents. Sometimes though, he lets them go. By far Giichi is one of the strongest sword fighter in the series, killing a whopping 69 counts of Itto-ryu members, a feat that is unseen with other characters in the story.
Currently he’s already earned enough gold to be free from Mugai-ryu, but learned that his ex-boss Habaki was in trouble, therefore he decided to return his former boss a favor and started his pursuit of Itto-ryu members once again.
GIICHI'S WEAPON
Mitake 御岳
Mitake is Habaki’s loyal lieutenant. He appeared very late in the series as a messenger and second hand of Habaki. He was the one who tracked down Shira and passed on the secrets to Manji’s immortality to Shira to help Shira acquiring his revenge against Manji; also under Habaki’s command, Mitake rushed to kill all the horses Abayama prepared for Anotsu & company, what a bastard.
Besides using traditional katana, Mitake also uses a shurikken-like spinning knife.
Meguro 目黒
Meguor is a female shinobi hired by Habaki for her extraordinary running speed. She normally disguises as an art student accompanying Tanbobo and studies under Master Sori (which was of course, identified by Master Sori, who himself was indeed a Master Shinobi). She is crazy in love with Master Sori, who is unaware of her affection nevertheless.
Tanbobo たんぽぽ
Tanbobo is a female shinobi hired by Habaki for her excellent eyesight and accuracy in drawing portraits. Like Meguro she disguises as an art student under Master Sori. She is gifted with a great set of twins which Meguro is jealous of, the two makes a great comedic pair during the Winter War Arc.
New Bloods 新血
The group of 9 whom I’ll refer as the New Bloods. These guys are the remaining students of former dojos whom were ruled by those Itto-ryu masters whom are poisoned and murdered by Giichi and Habkaki at the Massacre Dinner.
Though most of the students immediately parted with Itto-ryu once they learned that the masters were killed, these 9 held the same belief as the goal of Itto-ryu and admired the strength of Itto-ryu, therefore stayed and vowed to follow Itto-ryu.
To be continued with Part B...
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